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Poland
2025
LEOM
Presidential
The Election Code should be reviewed to provide for an effective remedy regarding complaints challenging the election results after the first round.
Recommendation # in final report:
8
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Dispute Resolution
Poland
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To provide for an effective legal remedy, the legal framework should be amended to allow for voters and other affected parties to challenge National Election Commission guidelines and clarifications.
Recommendation # in final report:
28
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Dispute Resolution
Poland
2025
LEOM
Presidential
The review of election-related complaints and challenges to results by the Supreme Court should be conducted in open sessions where the parties to the case are given the opportunity to be heard.
Recommendation # in final report:
29
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Dispute Resolution
Poland
2025
LEOM
Presidential
All electoral challenges should be made public and all related rulings should be published promptly. Deadlines for electoral dispute resolution should allow complainants adequate time to prepare submissions that meet legal requirements and also allow the Supreme Court sufficient time to review each complaint, deliberate and issue a fully reasoned decision.
Recommendation # in final report:
30
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Dispute Resolution
Poland
2015
EAM
Parliamentary
elections
The Election Code should provide for judicial review of NEC decisions, in particular in cases related to candidate or candidate list registration.
Recommendation # in final report:
3
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)
Secondary thematic area:
Candidate Registration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Mostly
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Complaints and Appeals
Poland
2019
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
In order to ensure the equality of the vote, the authorities should periodically review and update the boundaries and number of mandates per constituency.
Recommendation # in final report:
8
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Electoral System
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Legal Framework and Electoral System
Poland
2019
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
In line with previous recommendations, the authorities and political parties could consider supplementing the gender requirement with affirmative measures to encourage the nomination of women candidates.
Recommendation # in final report:
14
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Electoral System
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Candidate Registration
Poland
2023
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Consideration could be given to allocating out-of-country votes through a more equitable system, which should be decided upon through an inclusive and consultative process.
Recommendation # in final report:
12
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Electoral System
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Legal Framework and Electoral System
Poland
2019
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
The legal framework should be reviewed to address the shortcomings identified in this and prior ODIHR reports, following an inclusive and meaningful public debate. The legal framework should ensure the independence and impartiality of institutions which are responsible for safeguarding the integrity of the electoral process, including the National Election Commission.
Recommendation # in final report:
1
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Legal Framework and Electoral System
Poland
2019
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Clear instructions and procedures for the verification of support signatures should be elaborated, with the intent to ensure consistent application of legal provisions.
Recommendation # in final report:
13
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Candidate Registration
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