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Location: Poland
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Poland
2025
LEOM
Presidential
A comprehensive legislative reform should be undertaken to implement outstanding ODIHR recommendations and further align the legal framework with OSCE commitments, international standards, and good practice.
Recommendation # in final report:
1
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Electoral System and Legal Framework
Poland
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To ensure a clear separation between campaigning and public functions, the law should be amended to define the scope of permissible activities by public officials during campaigns. Public officials should uphold the principles of neutrality and avoid conflating official duties with campaign activities, in line with international good practice and existing NEC clarifications.
Recommendation # in final report:
2
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Secondary thematic area:
Campaign
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign
Poland
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To enhance transparency of campaign finance, electoral committees should be required to provide detailed income and expenditure reports, including the funds received from parties, the total amount of donations below the disclosure threshold, as well as their expenditures before and in between election days. To enable public scrutiny, disclosure should be made in an easily accessible, user-friendly and searchable manner, while the NEC should be obliged to monitor compliance with the disclosure obligations.
Recommendation # in final report:
3
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
Poland
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To ensure full transparency of its decision-making, election administration should hold public sessions, issue invites and publish the draft agendas and minutes of relevant sessions in a timely manner.
Recommendation # in final report:
4
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Administration
Poland
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To enhance transparency and accountability of campaign finance, third party campaigning should be regulated. Campaign materials and online advertisements without the legally required attributes to an electoral committee should be eliminated promptly.
Recommendation # in final report:
5
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Campaign
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
Poland
2025
LEOM
Presidential
The legal framework should be amended to guarantee the editorial and financial independence of public service media, including sustainable funding mechanisms not subject to annual political discretion, and transparent, merit-based procedures for appointing and dismissing management and supervisory bodies.
Recommendation # in final report:
6
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Media
Poland
2025
LEOM
Presidential
In order to effectively guarantee freedom of expression, defamation and libel should be fully decriminalized by completely removing the relevant provisions from the Criminal Code and ensuring that civil law provides effective safeguards against abusive litigation, including early dismissal procedures and cost recovery provisions for defendants facing frivolous lawsuits, in line with the EU anti-SLAPP directive.
Recommendation # in final report:
7
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Media
Poland
2025
LEOM
Presidential
The Election Code should be reviewed to provide for an effective remedy regarding complaints challenging the election results after the first round.
Recommendation # in final report:
8
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Dispute Resolution
Poland
2025
LEOM
Presidential
In line with international standards and OSCE commitments, authorities should take additional steps to enhance women’s participation in the electoral process and political decision-making. Political parties should identify and address barriers to women’s involvement in politics, especially in leadership roles, including by conducting gender audits and reviewing internal practices hindering women’s effective representation within party structures.
Recommendation # in final report:
9
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Participation of Women
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Background and Political Context
Poland
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To facilitate the development of targeted strategies for enhancing women’s participation, disaggregated data on gender representation in the election administration should be collected and published in a comprehensive manner.
Recommendation # in final report:
10
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Participation of Women
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Administration
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